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Stop reading articles and watching videos lol makes it worse as most of the time they are made by tackle companies who are trying to sell you a product.

What matters most is that the line is strong enough to deal with any weed/snags etc. No point in dropping the diameter if you're going to lose the fish and/or tackle. Use a decent leader or tubing to get the end tackle pinned down. Fish the lines as slack as you dare (i.e. very slack with no weed/snags, and less so with weed/snags to deal with). Assuming you can get the tackle pinned down, line colour is less important imo. I wouldn't worry about lead and hook concealment. Get them feeding and they'll take a hook bait at some point.

I use 15lb main line but always use a Korda Safezone fluorocarbon leader (30lb) and back lead after casting to ensure that there is no tight line cutting through the feeding area. The leader also helps prevent scales lifting during the fight.

Yeah, that’s exactly where my anxiety stems from. I’m not from Europe, so I’ve been learning carp fishing online. Countless articles keep stressing how wary carp are, covering line diameter, line colour, sinker concealment and whether hook coatings reflect light. It’s left me pretty anxious and unable to tell what matters most, haha.

Yes. The thicker it is the easier it is to see. I've watched carp spooking off lines numerous times. That said, as others have pointed out there's no point fishing with line that's not up to the job. I will always go too strong/thick rather than than too fine for the given angling situation. Just make sure the last few feet are pinned onto the deck.

The only concerns would be A) the rat smashes your koi food, and B) the rat poos in your pond introducing parasites (unlikely). I've never heard of rats having a pop at the fish themselves. Just get rid of it and you should be fine mate.

What are you fishing for? How big do the fish go? Is the lake snagged, weedy or clear? I fish waters where the carp go to over 40lb, my normal line is 15lb, 0.35mm. I need that line to cope with weed and algae, occasionally long casting as well as playing the fish. If I go to an 'easier' water with carp to just maybe 20lb and few or no snags then I will use 10lb 0.30mm line. Does diameter make a difference? On a water I used to fish my shockleader was Drennan Greased Weasel in 40lb with a diameter of 0.58mm, or 30lb Amnesia which I have no idea of the diameter. I caught with that diameter line as I do now.

17lb. Despite the grimace, it made me smile, and laugh. I'd only just cast the rod in after getting back with Sky after a walk round the lake when it went off, I was sorting out the next rod, mid PVA bag making. Bait was in the water 2minutes, not sure the PVA on the first rod had even dissolved. First fish on the Shrimp!